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Please note: The information provided is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional mental health or medical care.
Sources & Further Reading:
- Harvard Center on the Developing Child: Understanding Motivation Working Paper
- Redwine et al. (2016): Gratitude journaling and heart rate variability in heart failure patients
- Kyeong et al. (2017): Neural network connectivity and brain-heart coupling in gratitude meditation
APA Citations: Gratitude, Nervous System Regulation & Heart Rate Variability Research
Core Studies on Gratitude & Cardiovascular/Nervous System Effects
Kyeong, S., Kim, J., Kim, D. J., Kim, H. E., & Kim, J.-J. (2017). Effects of gratitude meditation on neural network functional connectivity and brain-heart coupling. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 5058. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05520-9 Full text: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5506019/
Redwine, L. S., Henry, B. L., Pung, M. A., Wilson, K., Chinh, K., Knight, B., Jain, S., Rutledge, T., Greenberg, B., Maisel, A., & Mills, P. J. (2016). Pilot randomized study of a gratitude journaling intervention on heart rate variability and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with Stage B heart failure. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78(6), 667–676. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000316 Full text: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4927423/ PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27187845/
Mills, P. J., Redwine, L., Wilson, K., Pung, M. A., Chinh, K., Greenberg, B. H., Lunde, O., Maisel, A., Raisinghani, A., Wood, A., & Chopra, D. (2015). The role of gratitude in spiritual well-being in asymptomatic heart failure patients. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000050
Full text: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4507265/ PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26203459/PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37809310/
Wang, X., & Song, C. (2023). The impact of gratitude interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1243598. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243598 Full text: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243598/ful
Jackowska, M., Brown, J., Ronaldson, A., & Steptoe, A. (2016). The impact of a brief gratitude intervention on subjective well-being, biology and sleep. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(10), 2207–2217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315572455 PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25736389/
Boggiss, A. L., Consedine, N. S., Brenton-Peters, J. M., Hofman, P. L., & Serlachius, A. S. (2020). A systematic review of gratitude interventions: Effects on physical health and health behaviors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 135, Article 110165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110165 PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32590219/
Moieni, M., Irwin, M. R., Haltom, K. E. B., Jevtic, I., Meyer, M. L., Breen, E. C., Cole, S. W., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2019). Exploring the role of gratitude and support-giving on inflammatory outcomes. Emotion, 19(6), 939–949. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000472PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30265078/
Motivation & Seeking/Liking Systems (Harvard Center on the Developing Child) National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2018). Understanding motivation: Building the brain architecture that supports learning, health, and community participation (Working Paper No. 14). Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/working-paper/understanding-motivation-building-the-brain-architecture-that-supports-learning-health-and-community-participation/ PDF: https://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/wp14_reward_motivation_121118_FINAL.pdf
Additional Supporting Research
Schwerdtfeger, A. R., Rominger, C., & Gander, F. (2025). Strengthening the heart by means of a gratitude intervention? The Journal of Positive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2025.2574048 Full text: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439760.2025.2574048
Schache, K., Consedine, N., Hofman, P., & Serlachius, A. (2019). Gratitude—More than just a platitude? The science behind gratitude and health. British Journal of Health Psychology, 24(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12348
Key Findings Summary
From Kyeong et al. (2017):
- Average heart rate was significantly lower during gratitude intervention vs. resentment intervention
- Gratitude meditation modulated neural network connectivity in emotion- and motivation-related brain regions
- Improved both emotion regulation and self-motivation
From Redwine et al. (2016):
- 8-week gratitude journaling increased parasympathetic HRV responses
- Reduced inflammatory biomarker index scores
- Improved trait gratitude scores in Stage B heart failure patients
From Mills et al. (2015):
- Gratitude associated with better sleep, less depressed mood, less fatigue
- Lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, ST2)
- Gratitude mediated the relationship between spiritual well-being and multiple health outcomes
From Harvard Working Paper 14 (2018):
- Brain has distinct "wanting" (seeking) and "liking" (enjoyment) motivation systems
- The liking system is more fragile and can separate from wanting
- Liking involves naturally occurring brain opioids
- Early experiences shape the development and balance of these systems






